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    Review of A Brief History of Cities in 32 Inventions

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    Elledge, Jonn. A Brief History of Cities in 32 Inventions. The Experiment. 2026. ISBN13: 979-8-893-03164-5. $24.95.


    Published in the U.K. as Elledge, Jonn. 31 Inventions That Built Our World. Headline Publishing Group. 2026. ISBN13: 978-1-035-43276-9. £25.00.


    It’s such a pleasure to read a well-composed book.


    As a fellow writer, I appreciate the effort Jonn Elledge put into drafting and polishing A Brief History of Cities in 32 Inventions. I also appreciate his editors’ attention to detail, asking (several dozen times, I imagine), whether Jonn really needed that footnote, and the skill Matthew Burne showed in creating the minimalist but evocative illustrations at the head of each chapter.


    I also appreciate how well the chapters connect within the text. Writing about 32 separate inventions that, as the U.S. title of the book indicates, contributed to the rise and success of cities, can lead to episodic coverage where concepts and facts are repeated rather than referenced. Taking care to braid the narrative threads properly turns a good book into an outstanding one.


    The thirty-one inventions in the UK version start with the invention of the city itself, a settlement named Uruk where tens of thousands of humans gathered between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. From there, Elledge discusses walls, windows, water movement (I’d forgotten that Sadler’s Wells Theatre in London stands at the end of a 40-mile aqueduct originating in Hertfordshire), and other artifacts of early urban life. He rounds out the first section with coverage of parks, street grid layouts, as well as skyscrapers and their attendant elevators and escalators.


    With that narrative (and physical) infrastructure in place, Elledge turns to transportation. There’s the usual discussion of cars and canals, busses, cars, and subways (shout out to the Central Line of the London Underground, which runs through the author’s home stomping ground of east London), but I have a special appreciation for the subject of the first chapter in this section: horses. I grew up in rural Virginia and have spent time around horses, but what I remember most in this context was cows.


    Bear with me.


    Horses, cows, and other animals that walk on four longish legs tend to see the entire world as their restroom. Until my brother and I were old enough to drive, we got off the school bus just up the road from a crossing where a herd of dairy cows would move between pasture and barn twice a day. As Elledge notes in the context of horses in London and other major cities, the “mud” on the ground was not, in fact, mud. If a herd of fifty or so cows produces impressive amounts of manure, imagine a city filled to the brim with horses.


    The final section adds coverage of useful schemes such as street numbering, pedestrian crossing design, and the much-celebrated London Tube map. It’s famously not to geographic scale, a characteristic that helps navigation rather than hurts it. I’m not sure I want to see The Truth About Harry Beck, a one-hour dramatic piece about the map’s creator, but I will probably buy the playscript next time I’m in town.


    A Brief History of Cities in 32 Inventions came out in the U.S. on October 13, 2026. The thirty-second chapter discusses what became known as the General Motors Streetcar Conspiracy, which offered speculation on the reason for the Los Angeles streetcar system’s collapse. I was vaguely familiar with the story and appreciate the added detail.


    Every chapter provides substantial information on its subject—there’s no weak link in the bunch. I recommend Elledge’s work without reservation.

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    Review of Cloudy with a Chance of Starships

    Rasmussen, Seven. Cloudy With a Chance of Starships. Princeton University Press. 2026. ISBN13: 978-0-069-124622-2. $29.95.

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    The year was 1950 and, at a lunch meeting in Los Alamos, New Mexico, Enrico Fermi asked a famous question regarding extraterrestrial life: “Don’t you ever wonder where everybody is?” 


    Astrobiologist and author Seven Rasmussen waits until page 137 of her book Cloudy with a Chance of Starships to present Fermi’s question. I think it’s a great decision…the question is presented about halfway (physically and narratively) through the book and provides a useful touchstone in the search for extraterrestrial life.


    Dr. Rasmussen focuses on the Drake Equation, which attempts to establish the probability that life exists on another planet within our Milky Way galaxy. The equation itself can be expressed as a product of seven values:


    • The yearly rate at which new stars are born
    • The fraction of stars that host planets
    • The number of planets per star that could potentially host life
    • The fraction of planets on which life evolves
    • The fraction of life that becomes intelligent
    • The fraction of intelligent beings that develop interstellar communication
    • The average lifespan of a technological society


    Simple, right? Absolutely not. As Rasmussen points out, we know a lot about a couple of these variables (star birth rates and the fraction of stars that host planets), a bit about how many planets could potentially host life, and discouragingly little about the rest. 


    The author takes great care to provide the background knowledge and context for readers to grasp the implications of the Drake Equation and the information required to even begin to evaluate it. One could describe the Drake Equation reasonably well in a 3,000-word article, but Cloudy with a Chance of Starships assumes nothing beyond an intelligent reader. Rasmussen includes topics such as star and planet formation, water as a basis of life, amino acid formation, protein formation, biosignatures, technosignatures, various and sundry ways for civilizations to die, and the future of astrobiology.


    I enjoyed Cloudy with a Chance of Starships, but my heart sank a bit when I saw the book’s title in the Princeton University Press catalog. The animated film Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, based on a short story of the same name, was surreal fun that intended to entertain rather than educate. I worried the book would try too hard to be cute and funny, but Rasmussen pulled it off.


    Humor is a ridiculously individual thing, but I quite enjoyed lines such as “Here on Earth, we have millions of different species, but only one has invented the air fryer.” That bit landed on page 137, two paragraphs below Fermi’s famous question. Rasmussen liberally sprinkles her prose with jokes that I’m happy to report pretty much always work and don’t seem forced. I’m glad. Getting the humor wrong would have undone the terrific effort to explain the Drake Equation and provide sufficient context to understand its implications.


    Sorry...I almost forgot to mention that Rasmussen does provide and explain the current best guess as to the probability of at least one other intelligent civilization in our Milky Way galaxy. It would be unkind to spoil the surprise, so I’ll let you read Cloudy with a Chance of Starships and discover it for yourself.


    Highly recommended.